On November 14, 2024, a significant event unfolded in the realm of space exploration as China’s primary space contractor unveiled a fully reusable rocket concept that echoes the design principles of SpaceX's Starship. This ambitious project is intended to bolster China’s vast aspirations in the cosmos.
The new iteration of China's Long March 9 rocket is showcased at the ongoing Zhuhai Airshow in Guangdong province, which commenced on November 12. This concept is also supplemented with advanced animation, demonstrating the rocket’s first stage utilizing grid fins for a controlled reentry. Following this, the stage executes a landing maneuver, aiming for an offshore platform where a series of moveable rails close to secure the rocket, replicating methods employed by SpaceX in capturing their boosters.
“The heavy-lift rocket has a capacity of 100 tons to low Earth orbit and 50 tons for lunar transfer missions, catering to a variety of space missions extending from low orbit to deep space exploration,” stated Chen Ziyu, a designer at the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT), while speaking with the state media outlet, China Central Television (CCTV).
The Development of Long March 9
The Long March 9’s development is set to occur in phases, starting as a standard heavy-lift vehicle to enhance space access, eventually transitioning into a fully reusable format aimed at driving down costs and boosting the frequency of launches. “Our ultimate goal is to establish a credible two-stage fully reusable configuration,” Chen explained. “This adaptability promises to fulfill the divergent launch requirements pertaining to missions targeted at various orbits.”
The design evolution of the Long March 9 rocket has witnessed various iterations over the years. From an initial concept featuring a kerosene-powered, 10-meter-wide rocket equipped with four 5.0-meter-diameter boosters, to newer concepts employing methane and kerosene fuels aimed at enhancing reusability, the Long March 9’s design specifications have shifted significantly over time as presented to CALT officials.
Strategic Implications for China's Space Ambitions
A super heavy-lift rocket is deemed indispensable for China as the country aims to realize its ambitious plans for the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) slated for construction in the upcoming decade. This rocket is also projected to play a pivotal role in the potential establishment of space-based solar power facilities in geostationary orbit. A reusable framework would inherently reduce operational costs and bolster the project’s feasibility.
Moreover, China has aspirations of launching two massive constellations composed of approximately 13,000 satellites each into low Earth orbit, making the Long March 9's significant payload capacity advantageous for such deployments – much akin to SpaceX's strategy with Starlink satellites.
Conclusion
As we gravitate towards a new era of space exploration, the unveiling of the Long March 9 rocket concept signifies not only a leap for China but also heightens the competitive landscape in the space industry. As nations grapple with the challenges and promises that space offers, innovation and reusability will play critical roles in shaping future endeavors.